Kilis

Kilis, a captivating city in the southernmost part of Turkey, near the Syrian border, is an often-overlooked destination rich in history and culture. Serving as the administrative center of Kilis Province and Kilis District, this city, with a population of 112,187 as of 2022, offers a unique blend of ancient and modern attractions for travel enthusiasts.

The Resilient History of Kilis

Ancient Beginnings

The origins of Kilis are shrouded in mystery, but it is widely accepted that the city flourished during the Ottoman period. Historical documents and archaeological findings reveal that significant centers have always existed in this region. Notably, Assyrian cuneiform tablets mention a city named ‘Ki-li-zi’, while during the Roman Empire, it was known as “Ciliza Sive Urnagiganti”.

Archaeological Sites

Kilis is surrounded by several archaeological sites, including Kirus antique city, Oylum Höyük, and Ravanda Castle. These sites, along with many others from the Neolithic period, highlight the region’s long history of human settlement. The city experienced various epochs, from the Hittite, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Crusader periods to the Mamluk and Ottoman eras.

Ottoman Legacy

The city center of Kilis houses two of its oldest structures, the Ulu Mosque (1388) and the Katrancı Mosque (1460), dating back to the Mamluk Period. Approximately 135 monumental structures have been erected since 1516 during the Ottoman Period. By the end of the 19th century, Kilis had a population of 20,000 and was a hub for production, commerce, and cultural activities.

Cultural Melting Pot

Religious Diversity

Kilis has historically been home to members of the three major religions, contributing to a rich cultural tapestry. In the late 19th century, the city boasted 37 mosques, 14 small mosques, 4 Dervish Lodges, 8 madrasahs, 4 churches, 1 synagogue, 31 fountains, and numerous social and cultural facilities, reflecting its diverse community.

Armenian and Jewish Communities

During the Ottoman Empire, Kilis was part of the Aleppo Vilayet and had significant Armenian and Jewish communities. These communities, along with the predominantly Sunni Turkoman population, have left a lasting impact on the city’s cultural heritage.

Kilis in the Modern Era

Demographic Changes

Throughout history, Kilis has been a melting pot of different ethnic groups. In the 19th century, the city was predominantly inhabited by Turkomans, Armenians, Kurds, and Turks. Today, Kilis continues to be a diverse city, with a population that reflects its rich cultural past.

Impact of the Syrian Civil War

Kilis has faced significant challenges in recent years due to its proximity to the Syrian border. The city has been a target of rocket attacks during the Syrian Civil War, resulting in casualties and damage. Despite these hardships, Kilis remains a resilient city with a strong sense of community.

Exploring Kilis: Geography and Climate

Strategic Location

Kilis is strategically located at the crossroads of Anatolia and Syria, surrounded by the important cities of Gaziantep, Antakya, and Aleppo. Its location on the Fertile Crescent has made it a significant settlement area throughout history.

Climate

Kilis experiences a hot summer Mediterranean climate, with very hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. The highest recorded temperature in Kilis was 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) on August 14, 2023, while the lowest recorded temperature was −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) on January 19, 1964, and February 2, 1967.

The Flavors of Kilis: A Culinary Delight

Kilis Tava and More

One of the highlights of visiting Kilis is its cuisine. The local kebab, known as Kilis Tava, is a must-try. The city is also famous for its breads, baklava, künefe, and stuffed vegetables, offering a delightful culinary experience for food enthusiasts.

Education in Kilis

Kilis 7 Aralık University

Kilis is home to Kilis 7 Aralık University, which has around 8,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The university plays a vital role in the city’s educational landscape, contributing to the academic and cultural development of the region.

Places of Interest in Kilis

Historical Mosques

Kilis is dotted with beautiful mosques from the Ottoman era. Some notable ones include:

• Canbolat or Tekke Mosque (16th century)
• Muallak Mosque (16th century)
• Hacı Derviş Mosque (1551)
• Şeyhler or Şeyh Süleyman Mosque (1655)
• Hindioğlu Mosque (1664)
• Akcurun Mosque (16th or 17th century)
• Şeyh Mosque (1569)
• Şeyh Hilal Mosque (minaret built in 1641)
• Katrancı or Alacalı Mosque (rebuilt in 1962)
• Murtaza Mosque (1659, repaired in 1948)
• Cüneyne Mosque (1569)

Mausoleums and Dervish Lodges

The city also features several mausoleums and dervish lodges, such as:

• Mausoleum of Sheikh Mansur
• Mausoleum of Sheikh Muhammed Bedevi (Rıttali)
• Mausoleum of Sheikh Muhammed Ensari
• Shurahbil bin Hasanah Dervish Lodge and Mausoleum

Turkish Baths

Kilis offers traditional Turkish baths (Hamam), providing a unique experience for visitors. Some notable baths include:

• Old (Eski) Baths
• Paşa Baths
• Tuğlu (Daltaban Pasha) Baths

The Resilience and Charm of Kilis

Kilis is a city that has weathered many storms, from ancient conflicts to modern challenges. Its rich history, cultural diversity, and welcoming community make it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking an authentic experience. Whether you’re exploring its historical sites, savoring its delicious cuisine, or simply enjoying the warmth of its people, Kilis offers a unique and unforgettable journey through time and tradition.