Kars

Kars, a city steeped in history and culture, sits in the northeastern region of Turkey. Known for its stunning landscapes, rich heritage, and diverse cultural influences, Kars offers a unique travel experience for those seeking to explore beyond the typical tourist destinations. This article will take you on a journey through Kars, highlighting its historical significance, main attractions, and the best ways to experience this remarkable city.

A Brief Introduction to Kars

The City’s Name and Origins

The name “Kars” may derive from the Armenian word “hars,” meaning “bride,” or the Georgian word “kari,” meaning “gate.” Historically, Kars was known as Chorzene in classical historiography and was a significant part of the Kingdom of Armenia. The city served as the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961.

Historical Significance

Kars has seen the rise and fall of many empires, including the Armenians, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans. Each civilization has left its mark on the city, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry. Today, Kars is a vibrant city that blends its ancient heritage with modern influences.

Exploring Kars: Top Attractions

The Historic Kars Castle

A Fortress of Many Eras

Kars Castle, also known as Kars Fortress, stands as a testament to the city’s strategic importance throughout history. Originally built in the 12th century by the Saltuk Turks, the fortress has been rebuilt and modified by various rulers, including the Ottomans and Russians. Visitors can explore the castle’s ancient walls, enjoy panoramic views of the city, and learn about its storied past.

The Church of the Holy Apostles

An Architectural Marvel

Built during the reign of the Bagratid Kingdom, the Church of the Holy Apostles is one of Kars’ most significant historical structures. This 10th-century Armenian church, later converted into a mosque, showcases intricate stone carvings and a unique architectural style that reflects the city’s diverse cultural heritage.

Ani Ruins

The City of 1001 Churches

Located near the Turkish-Armenian border, the Ani Ruins are a must-visit for history enthusiasts. Once a thriving medieval city, Ani was known as the “City of 1001 Churches.” Today, the ruins offer a glimpse into its glorious past, with remnants of churches, mosques, and ancient buildings scattered across the landscape.

The Fethiye Mosque

A Blend of Cultures

Originally constructed as a Russian Orthodox Church, the Fethiye Mosque is an excellent example of Kars’ multicultural history. Converted into a mosque in 1993, the building retains its original architectural features, making it a unique place of worship that reflects the city’s complex past.

Natural Wonders of Kars

Lake Çıldır

A Winter Wonderland

Lake Çıldır, the second-largest freshwater lake in Eastern Anatolia, transforms into a stunning winter wonderland during the colder months. Visitors can enjoy ice fishing, horse-drawn sleigh rides, and the breathtaking scenery of the frozen lake surrounded by snow-covered hills.

Sarıkamış National Park

A Haven for Nature Lovers

Sarıkamış National Park is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. Known for its pristine forests, diverse wildlife, and excellent skiing opportunities, the park offers a range of activities for visitors to enjoy. In winter, the powdery snow attracts skiers, while summer brings hikers and nature lovers to explore its scenic trails.

Cultural Experiences in Kars

Traditional Cuisine

A Culinary Journey

Kars is renowned for its distinctive cuisine, which reflects the city’s diverse cultural influences. Must-try dishes include:

• Kars Gravyer Cheese: A locally produced cheese with a unique flavor, often compared to Swiss Gruyere.
• Kars Honey: Known for its rich taste, Kars honey is a staple in the local diet.
• Kars Tandır Kebab: A succulent meat dish cooked in a traditional clay oven.

Local Festivals

Celebrating Heritage

Kars hosts several local festivals that celebrate its rich cultural heritage. The Kars Winter Festival, held annually, features traditional music, dance, and various winter sports activities. The Ani Ruins Festival is another highlight, showcasing the historical significance of the Ani Ruins through cultural performances and exhibitions.

Practical Information for Travelers

Getting There

By Air

Kars is served by Harakani Airport, which offers regular flights to and from major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Ankara. The airport is conveniently located a short drive from the city center.

By Train

For a scenic journey, travelers can take the Eastern Express train from Ankara to Kars. This long but picturesque trip offers stunning views of Turkey’s diverse landscapes.

Accommodation

Where to Stay

Kars offers a range of accommodation options to suit all budgets. From luxury hotels to cozy guesthouses, visitors can find comfortable places to stay while exploring the city. Some popular options include:

• Hotel Katerina Sarayı: A historic hotel offering modern amenities and a glimpse into Kars’ past.
• Kars Konak Hotel: A charming boutique hotel located in the heart of the city.
• Cheltikov Hotel: A beautifully restored mansion that combines traditional architecture with contemporary comfort.

Best Time to Visit

Seasonal Highlights

The best time to visit Kars depends on the activities you wish to enjoy. Winter (December to February) is ideal for those who want to experience the snowy landscapes and winter sports. Summer (June to August) offers pleasant weather for exploring historical sites and natural attractions.

Day Trips from Kars

Doğubayazıt

Gateway to Mount Ararat

Located about 160 km from Kars, Doğubayazıt is a gateway to Mount Ararat, Turkey’s highest peak. The town is also home to the stunning Ishak Pasha Palace, a 17th-century architectural marvel set against the backdrop of rugged mountains.

Erzurum

A Historical City

Erzurum, about 200 km from Kars, is a city rich in history and culture. Visitors can explore ancient mosques, medreses (Islamic schools), and the impressive Erzurum Castle. The city is also a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts, thanks to its excellent ski resorts.

Safety and Health

Staying Safe

General Safety Tips

Kars is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it’s always wise to take common-sense precautions. Avoid isolated areas at night, keep an eye on your belongings, and be aware of local customs and etiquette.

Healthcare Facilities

Medical Services

Kars has several hospitals and clinics that provide quality healthcare services. In case of emergencies, visitors can expect professional and efficient medical care. It’s advisable to have travel insurance that covers health issues while abroad.

Exploring Kars: Sports, Education, Transport, and Historical Sites

Sports in Kars

Kars is home to the football club Kars S.K., which plays a significant role in the local sports culture. While bandy, a sport similar to ice hockey, is not played in Turkey today, it was once part of the town’s sporting activities, reflecting Kars’ diverse historical influences.

Education in Kars

Education in Kars is anchored by Kafkas University, established in 1992. The university has become a central educational institution in the region, attracting students from various parts of Turkey and providing a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Transport in Kars

Kars Harakani Airport: Kars is easily accessible by air, with Kars Harakani Airport offering daily direct flights to major cities like Ankara and Istanbul.

Road Transport: The town is well-connected by a main highway from Erzurum. Lesser roads extend north to Ardahan and south to Igdir, facilitating regional travel.

Rail Transport: Kars is served by a station on the Turkish Railways (TCDD), linking it to Erzurum. Originally laid when Kars was part of the Russian Empire, this line connected the city to Alexandropol and Tiflis, with a wartime narrow-gauge extension to Erzurum. Although Turkey’s border crossings with Armenia, including the Kars-Gyumri-Tbilisi railway, have been closed since April 1993, a new line, the Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway, became operational on October 30, 2017. This line connects Kars to Akhalkalaki in Georgia, continuing to Tbilisi and Baku, enhancing regional connectivity.

Places of Interest in Kars

Kars Citadel: Also known as the Castle of Kars (Turkish: Kars Kalesi), the citadel sits atop a rocky hill overlooking the city. Its walls date back to the Bagratuni Armenian period, although it likely took its current form during the 13th century under the Zak’arid dynasty. The citadel’s walls feature crosses and a Khachkar with an Armenian inscription, contradicting the common belief that Ottoman Sultan Murad III built the castle during the 16th century.

Taşköprü (Stone Bridge): Built in 1725 over the Kars River, this historic bridge is a notable landmark. Nearby, three old bath-houses, though no longer operational, add to the historical charm of the area.

Armenian Church of the Apostles: This church, built in the 930s, has a tetraconch plan and a dome adorned with bas-relief depictions of the Twelve Apostles. It has served various religious functions over the centuries, including as a mosque and a Russian Orthodox church. After being used as a warehouse and a museum, it was converted back into a mosque in 1993.

Belle Epoque Russian Architecture: Kars boasts numerous Russian-era buildings, similar in style to those in Gyumri, Armenia. These buildings, constructed in a Baltic style, are unique in Turkey and reflect the city’s diverse cultural influences.

Grand Mosque of Kars: The largest historic mosque in the city, built by the Seljuks and restored by the Ottomans in 1579.

Various Historical Structures: Kars is rich in historical sites, including the Mansion of Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, the Topchuoglu Bath House, the Ilbeoglu Bath House, the Mazlumaga Bath House, the House of Namık Kemal, and the Kars Museum. These sites reflect the city’s diverse heritage and architectural styles.

Additional Notable Sites:

• The Palace of Beylerbeyi
• The Mansion of Pasha
• The Cemetery of Arap Baba
• The Mosque of Yusuf Pasha
• The Mosque of Evliya
• The Tomb of Ebul Hasan-i Harakani
• The Mosque of Fethiye
• The Mansion of Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Pasha

These sites, along with the city’s unique blend of Turkish, Armenian, Georgian, Kurdish, and Russian cultures, make Kars a fascinating destination for travelers interested in history and architecture.

Conclusion

Kars, with its rich history, cultural diversity, and stunning natural landscapes, is a destination that offers something for every traveler. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, enjoying the local cuisine, or experiencing the winter wonderland of Lake Çıldır, Kars promises an unforgettable journey. Plan your visit to this hidden gem in northeastern Turkey and discover the unique charm of Kars.